/* Ngoc-Sang Pham — academic website. Edit Markdown files, not this stylesheet. */
:root{--ink:#16283d;--ink-soft:#3c5166;--ink-dim:#728394;--navy:#132d4c;--blue:#205f88;--line:#d9e1e8;--paper:#fbfaf7;--white:#ffffff;--mist:#f2f6f8;--max:1160px;--reading:865px}
*,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.82 Inter,ui-sans-serif,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
a{color:var(--blue);text-decoration:none;text-underline-offset:3px}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #719dbc;outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}
.site-header{background:var(--white);position:relative;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.site-header:before{content:'';height:4px;background:linear-gradient(95deg,#142d4d 0%,#2c739a 64%,#b6ced7 100%);display:block}
.topline{max-width:var(--max);margin:0 auto;padding:22px 31px 19px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px}.brand{color:var(--navy);font:700 1.42rem/1.2 Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;letter-spacing:-.017em;white-space:nowrap}.brand:hover{text-decoration:none}.brand small{display:block;font:500 .75rem/1.45 Inter,ui-sans-serif,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;letter-spacing:.025em;color:#698092;margin-top:7px;white-space:normal}
.topnav{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px}.topnav a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:37px;padding:7px 11px;color:#4a5c6e;font-size:.79rem;letter-spacing:.01em;font-weight:680;border-radius:5px;transition:background .16s,color .16s}.topnav a:hover,.topnav a.active{background:#eaf2f6;color:#144d70;text-decoration:none}
.outer{max-width:var(--max);padding:56px 31px 100px;margin:0 auto;min-height:66vh}.eyebrow{font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#437592;font-weight:750;margin:0 0 22px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px}.eyebrow:after{content:'';width:52px;height:1px;background:#b0c3ce}
.content{max-width:var(--reading);min-width:0}.content h1{font:700 clamp(2.05rem,3.7vw,3.06rem)/1.15 Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;letter-spacing:-.035em;color:var(--navy);margin:0 0 26px}.content h2{font:700 1.65rem/1.28 Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;letter-spacing:-.022em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:0 0 13px;margin:48px 0 16px;color:var(--navy)}.content h3{font:700 1.12rem/1.38 Inter,ui-sans-serif,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;margin:28px 0 9px;color:#254564}.content h4{font:700 1rem/1.4 Inter,ui-sans-serif,'Segoe UI',sans-serif;margin:21px 0 7px;color:#254564}
.content p{margin:0 0 20px}.content em{color:#476073}.content strong{font-weight:740;color:#223c56}.content ul,.content ol{padding-left:1.35rem;margin:13px 0 25px}.content li{margin:.42rem 0;padding-left:.18rem}.content li::marker{color:#7891a4}.content ol > li::marker{color:#080808;font-weight:800;font-size:1.05em}.content ul ul,.content ol ol{margin:5px 0 8px}.content a{overflow-wrap:anywhere;text-decoration-thickness:1px}.content a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.content img{max-width:100%;height:auto;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:6px}.content blockquote{margin:25px 0;padding:14px 24px;border-left:3px solid #5391af;background:#eff5f8;color:#344c60}.content code{background:#eaf0f4;border-radius:3px;padding:2px 5px;font-size:.9em}.content pre{background:#14263b;color:#eef4f8;border-radius:8px;padding:19px 22px;overflow-x:auto;line-height:1.65}.content pre code{background:transparent;padding:0;color:inherit}.content table{border-collapse:collapse;display:block;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;margin:22px 0 30px;font-size:.92rem}.content th,.content td{padding:10px 13px;border:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left}.content th{background:#eaf0f3;color:#263e53}.content tr:nth-child(even){background:#f4f7f8}.content hr{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:32px 0}.content .MathJax,.content mjx-container{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}
/* Homepage: emphasize profile and research without requiring edits to HTML. */
body.is-home .outer{padding-top:70px}body.is-home .content h1{font-size:clamp(2.7rem,5vw,4rem);margin-bottom:8px}body.is-home .content>article>p:first-of-type{font-size:1rem;color:#758798;margin-bottom:8px}body.is-home .content>article>p:nth-of-type(2){font-size:1.1rem;color:#334c62;font-weight:620;margin-bottom:28px}body.is-home .content>article>p:nth-of-type(n+3):nth-of-type(-n+6){display:inline-block;margin:0 12px 12px 0}body.is-home .content>article>p:nth-of-type(n+3):nth-of-type(-n+6) a{display:inline-flex;padding:8px 13px;border:1px solid #cbd9e3;border-radius:5px;font-size:.83rem;font-weight:670;background:var(--white)}body.is-home .content>article>p:nth-of-type(n+3):nth-of-type(-n+6) a:hover{background:#e9f2f7;text-decoration:none}
.article-head{margin-bottom:29px;padding-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-head h1{margin:9px 0 8px;font-size:clamp(1.7rem,3vw,2.4rem)}.article-date{font-size:.84rem;color:var(--ink-dim)}.back{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:660}.content .math-display{overflow:auto;max-width:100%}
footer{background:var(--white);border-top:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink-dim);font-size:.77rem}.foot{max-width:var(--max);margin:0 auto;padding:23px 31px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}.foot a{color:#496880}
@media(max-width:940px){.topline{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:18px}.topnav{justify-content:flex-start}.outer{padding-top:42px}}@media(max-width:600px){body{font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.72}.topline{padding:19px 18px 14px;gap:12px}.brand{font-size:1.31rem}.topnav{gap:2px}.topnav a{font-size:.75rem;padding:6px 7px;min-height:33px}.outer{padding:30px 20px 65px}body.is-home .outer{padding-top:41px}.eyebrow{margin-bottom:19px}.content h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-top:36px}.content h1{font-size:2rem}.foot{padding:20px}.article-head h1{font-size:1.72rem}}